TL;DR —A cikin gogewata wajen ƙayyade abubuwan dumama a wuraren sarrafa abinci na Asiya sama da 40, wuraren dumama na bakin ƙarfe suna ɗaukar tsawon lokaci sau 3-5 fiye da na aluminum foil a ƙarƙashin yanayin danshi na gaske. Na auna bambancin da ke cikin ɗakunan fesa gishiri mai sarrafawa, na ƙididdige farashin maye gurbin fiye da rajistan gyaran shekaru 5, kuma ni ne wanda ke ba da haƙuri ga manajojin shuka lokacin da zaɓin da ya fi rahusa ya gaza a watan 14. SS304/316 yana tsayayya da sinadarin chloride daga gishirin iska da sinadarai na CIP waɗanda ke lalata foil ɗin aluminum cikin watanni 18-24. Don amfani da busasshen ajiya da daskarewa, har yanzu ina ba da shawarar foil ɗin aluminum - samfuri ne mai kyau idan aka daidaita shi da muhallin da ya dace. Ga kowane yanki na sarrafawa tare da ruwa, tururi, ko fallasa ga masu tsaftace muhalli, ba zan amince da komai ƙasa da murfin SS304 ba.

Dalilin da yasa nake ganin Abubuwan Dumama Suna Fasawa da Sauri a Masana'antar Abinci ta Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya

Na yi yawo a wuraren sarrafa abinci a faɗin Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, da Philippines tsawon shekaru takwas, kuma zan iya gaya muku abin da ke kashe sinadaran dumama a wannan yanki da sauri fiye da ko'ina. Abu na farko da ke faruwa a wurin samarwa ba hayaniya ba ce - danshi ne. A wani kamfanin sha na Bangkok da na ziyarta a bara, danshi a cikin gida ya kai kashi 87% da ƙarfe 08:00 na safe, koda kuwa da iska mai sauri. Danshin ya diga daga bututun sama a kan kayan aiki a ƙasa. Na auna yanayin zafi 34°C da hygrometer dina: wurin raɓa ya kai digiri 2 kawai a ƙasa da zafin iska. Kowane saman ƙarfe yana da danshi koyaushe.

A haɗa wannan da sinadaran tsaftace abinci - peracetic acid a 200-500 ppm, sodium hypochlorite a 100-200 ppm, quaternary ammonium compounds - kuma zan iya hasashen daidai lokacin da wani abu mai dumama da ba a ƙayyade ba zai lalace. A cewarAMPPTsatsa a cikin muhallin masana'antu masu danshi yana ƙaruwa sau 2-4 idan aka kwatanta da muhallin busasshe. A cikin masana'antar abinci ta Asiya ta Kudu inda danshi ke kasancewa sama da kashi 80% na tsawon watanni 8-10 kuma ana fesa maganin tsaftace chlorine kowace rana, bayanan da na samu a filin sun nuna cewa tasirin tsatsa yana ƙaruwa sau 5-8 fiye da yadda takardar bayanin masana'anta ta yi hasashe.

Ga abin da wannan ke nufi:Yawancin masana'antun na'urorin dumama suna ambaton tsawon rai ta amfani da yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje da aka tsara — 25°C, 40% RH. Masana'antar sarrafa abinci a Jakarta ko Ho Chi Minh City tana gudanar da ayyukan sa'o'i 24 tare da tsaftace muhallin dare ba wannan muhallin ba ne. Na ga irin wannan samfurin yana rayuwa shekaru 5 a gidan burodi na Jamus amma ya gaza cikin watanni 14 a wurin cin abincin teku na Vietnam — saboda yanayin aiki ya bambanta sosai.

Na koyi wannan a shekarar 2019 lokacin da na aika na'urorin dumama aluminum foil zuwa layin sarrafa madarar kwakwa a Samut Sakhon, Thailand. Takardar bayanin ta yi alƙawarin "rayuwar aiki: shekaru 5+ a kan ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙima." A watan 16, manajan masana'antar ya aiko min da hotuna da na ajiye a cikin babban fayil mai suna "Ba za a sake dawowa ba." Kowane abu ya nuna tsatsa a cikin hanyar haɗin foil-polymer - foil mai laushi, manne mai launin rawaya, wayar juriya da aka fallasa. Na ba da izinin maye gurbin garanti gaba ɗaya, na tashi zuwa wurin, kuma na yi kwana uku ina gyarawa zuwa SS304. Wannan tafiyar ta fi duk ribar oda ta asali, kuma ta koya mini abin da nake gaya wa kowane sabon injiniya:a fannin sarrafa abinci a yankin kudu maso gabashin Asiya, zaɓin abubuwan dumama matsala ce da ta dace da muhalli da farko, sannan kuma matsalar inganta farashi.

Tushen Kayan Aiki: Yadda Zan Bambanta Tsakanin Bakin Karfe da Gina Foil ɗin Aluminum

Idan na ƙayyade "abin dumama mai rufin ƙarfe mara ƙarfe," ina kwatanta ƙirar bututu inda wayar juriya ta NiCr 80/20 ta kasance a tsakiya daidai a cikin bututun SS304 ko SS316 mara shinge, kewaye da foda mai ƙarfi na magnesium oxide (MgO) wanda ke rufe wayar (>100 MΩ) ta hanyar lantarki kuma yana haɗa ta da murfin zafi. An rufe ƙarshen bututun da hatimin hermetic na gilashi zuwa ƙarfe - fifikona ga yanayin danshi. Lokacin da na ce "abin dumama aluminum foil," ina nufin ƙira mai faɗi, mai sassauƙa inda aka haɗa wayar juriya tsakanin layukan foil na aluminum kuma an haɗa ta da manne na polymer (polyester, polyimide, ko silicone). Ina ƙayyade waɗannan don aikace-aikacen siririn profile ko inda saman dumama dole ne ya naɗe a kusa da yanayin rikitarwa.

Amma ga babban bambanci:Murfin SS yana samar da shingen ƙarfe mai kauri wanda ke ware wayar dumama ta ciki daga muhalli. Na'urar dumama aluminum ta dogara ne akan yadudduka masu manne polymer don rufe muhalli. A cewarNassoshi game da juriyar tsatsa a cikin Akwatin Kayan Aikin Injiniya, laminates na ƙarfe da aka haɗa da polymer a cikin yanayi mai danshi suna lalacewa ta hanyar hydrolysis na danshi - polymer yana shan danshi, yana rasa ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa a hankali, kuma yana iya lalacewa ba tare da wani gargaɗi ba har sai ya faru delamination. Na duba abubuwan da suka yi kyau a waje amma sun rasa kashi 80% na ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na ciki.

Kwatanta Tsarin Gine-gine da Na Yi Amfani da shi don Bayanin Abokan Ciniki

Ba kasafai nake ganin an tattauna wannan a cikin littattafan dumama abubuwa ba, amma ga babbar matsalar:Na'urar dumama aluminum foil tana kama da wacce ke da gasa a kan takarda - mai rahusa da sau 2-3, mai sauƙi, mai sassauƙa. Amma ba ta da ƙarfi fiye da 85% a RH a 35°C - yanayin da na auna a cikin shuke-shuken abinci na Asiya a lokacin damina - manne-manne da aka yi da polyester suna fuskantar hydrolysis. Haɗin ester a cikin ƙashin bayan polymer yana karyewa a gaban ƙwayoyin ruwa a yanayin zafi mai yawa. Na sami samfuran da ba su yi nasara ba ta hanyar dakin gwaje-gwaje na polymer, kuma FTIR spectra ta tabbatar da babban yanke sarkar a cikin manne. Wannan ba lahani ba ne na masana'anta - iyakancewar tsarin kayan polyester ne.

Ina yin barci mafi kyau idan na ƙayyade SS304/316 daidai saboda abin da ba shi da shi:babu hatimin polymer da zai lalata, babu layin manne da zai yi hydrolyze, babu kayan halitta a cikin hanyar danshi. Hanya ɗaya tilo da za a iya shiga ita ce ta hatimin ƙarshe, kuma hatimin gilashi-zuwa-ƙarfe da aka ƙayyade daidai suna kiyaye inganci na tsawon shekaru 5-10+ - Ina da bayanan filin daga shigarwa tun daga 2017 waɗanda har yanzu suka wuce gwaje-gwajen juriyar rufi na 500V a >50 MΩ.

Bayanan Gwajin Tsabtace Tsabtata: Yadda SS da Aluminum Foil Ke Aiki A Ƙarƙashin Yanayin Asiya ta Kudu maso Gabas

Ban dogara ga takardun bayanai na masu samar da kayayyaki don kwatanta tsatsa ba - Na gamu da matsala sakamakon gwaje-gwaje masu sauri waɗanda ba sa fassara zuwa yanayi na gaske. Lokacin da na kimanta juriya, ina gwada hanyoyi guda uku: tsatsa mai kama da juna, tsatsa mai kama da juna, da tsatsa mai kama da galvanic a mahaɗan ƙarfe daban-daban, kuma ina bayar da rahoton sakamako a cikin tsari mai daidaito don abokan cinikina su iya kwatantawa a tsawon shekaru na bayanai.

Gwajin Feshin Gishiri: Sakamakon ASTM B117 dina

TheASTM B117-19Tsarin fesa gishiri shine gwajin da nake gudanarwa akan kowace sabuwar ƙa'idar abubuwan dumama - 5% NaCl hazo a 35°C a cikin ɗakin da aka sarrafa. Na san gwajin yana da iyakoki (ba ya kwaikwayi yanayin bushewar danshi da ke zagaye kuma yanayin gishirin da ke canzawa ya fi tsauri fiye da yawancin yanayi na gaske), amma yana ba da daidaitaccen tushe wanda ke ba ni damar sanya kayan cikin matsayi da kyau.

Ga bayanai daga gwajin da na yi— Na gudanar da dukkan abubuwan da aka rufe da SS304 da abubuwan foil na aluminum ta hanyar zagayowar ASTM B117 na sa'o'i 1,000 iri ɗaya a ɗakin gwajin masana'antarmu. Na duba samfura a tazara ta sa'o'i 100 kuma na rubuta alamar farko ta tsatsa da ake gani, wurin tsatsa ta saman 50%, da wurin gazawar aiki (wanda aka ayyana a matsayin juriyar rufi da ke faɗuwa ƙasa da 1 MΩ a 500V DC):

Kammalawa ba ta da wata ma'ana:Abubuwan da aka rufe da SS suna rayuwa cikin cikakken zagayowar feshi na gishiri na sa'o'i 1,000 tare da lalacewar kwalliya. Abubuwan da aka yi da aluminum foil suna nuna gazawar aiki - lalatawa, fallasa waya, lalacewar rufin - kafin rabin hanya. Lokacin da na ƙara yanayin yankin Asiya na gaske na SE - danshi, zafin jiki, da fallasa sinadarin chlorine a lokaci guda - wannan gibin aiki yana ƙara faɗaɗa, kamar yadda na rubuta a cikin rahotannin filin daga bakin teku na Thailand da Vietnam.

Tsufawar Danshi: Sakamakon Gwaji Mai Sauri na 85°C/85% RH

A cikin kwarewata, babban hanyar lalata abinci ba gishiri ba ce - yana da danshi mai yawa tare da zagayowar zafi. Kayan aiki suna zafi yayin samarwa, suna sanyaya yayin tsafta, da kuma samuwar danshi a lokacin kowane canji. Na gudanar da gwajin tsufa mai sauri a 85°C / 85% RH — bayan hakaIEC 60068-2-78- akan nau'ikan abubuwa guda biyu na tsawon awanni 2,000 akai-akai, ana auna juriyar rufi a tazara tsakanin awanni 250.

Abubuwan da aka yi da aluminum foil sun fara lalacewa a cikin awanni 350-400.Na ga alamun farko na launin rawaya na polymer a gefunan foil a ƙarƙashin na'urar ƙara girman 10x. Da awanni 1,000, na sami samfura 6 cikin 10 ƙasa da matakin juriyar kariya na MΩ 10 wanda na ɗauka a matsayin mafi ƙarancin matakin aiki mai aminci ga kowane abu a cikin yanayin sarrafa abinci mai danshi. Da awanni 1,500, manne na polymer ya fashe a bayyane kuma yana wargazawa - zan iya cire yadudduka na foil ɗin da farce na, wanda ba a tsammanin zai faru ba. Da awanni 2,000, samfura 7 cikin 10 sun gaza gaba ɗaya: ko dai an rage su zuwa ƙasa ta cikin gadoji masu danshi, ko kuma suna nuna tsatsa ta jan ƙarfe kore (daga haɗin gubar) da kuma ƙarfe mai launin ruwan kasa (daga wayar juriya) a yankunan wargazawa.

Abubuwan da ke cikin rufin SS304 dina ba su nuna wani lalacewa a cikin cikakken zagayen sa'o'i 2,000 ba.Rufin MgO ya ci gaba da kasancewa sama da 100 MΩ — Na tabbatar da hakan da na'urar auna ƙarfin lantarki ta DC mai ƙarfin 500V ga kowace IEC 60335-1 a kowane lokaci. Canjin da ya rage kawai shine ɗan canjin launin saman da aka yi a lokacin haɗa kayan haɗin lantarki. Wani samfurin ya sami ƙaramin wuri na tsatsa a alamar kayan aiki inda aka goge layin passivation yayin ƙera shi. Na ci gaba da aiki da shi, kuma tsatsar ba ta yaɗu ba — wanda hakan ya tabbatar da fahimtar yadda layin chromium oxide mai saurin wucewa na SS304 ke sake sake samuwa a kusa da lalacewa. Duk da haka,Yanzu na ƙayyade kayan aikin kariya yayin shigarwadon guje wa wannan gaba ɗaya.

Dangane daBayanan juriyar tsatsa da aka tattara ta hanyar Kayan aikin Injiniya, gwajin 85/85 ya fi hasashen dorewar sarrafa abinci fiye da feshin gishiri domin yana kwaikwayon ainihin hanyar gazawar da na gani a fagen: ci gaba da shigar da danshi ta hanyar hatimin polymer, ba harin sinadarai mai tsanani akan saman ƙarfe da aka fallasa ba.

Maganin Chlorine: Abin da Na Lura Da Shi Tare Da Maganin CIP

Yawancin ka'idojin tsaftace sarrafa abinci na Asiya ta Kudu maso Gabas suna bin ƙa'idodin tsabtace abinciJagororin HACCP na FDAkuma a yi amfani da sodium hypochlorite a 100-200 ppm. Na kalli ma'aikatan tsafta suna fesa wannan kai tsaye a kan abubuwan dumama yayin canjin aiki. Sinadarin yana zaune kamar siririn fim, yana mai da hankali yayin da ruwa ke ƙafewa, har sai zagayen samarwa na gaba ya dumama shi kuma ya hanzarta amsawar.

SS316 tare da abun ciki na molybdenum 2-3% yana nuna kyakkyawan juriya ga harin chloride sosaisaboda molybdenum yana ƙarfafa layin chromium oxide mai aiki. Ina amfani da dabarar PREN: PREN = %Cr + 3.3 × %Mo + 16 × %N. SS304 yana auna kimanin 18-20; maki SS316 yana auna 24-26. Shawarar PREN mafi ƙanƙanta don fallasa sinadarin chlorine shine 22 - SS304 yana da ɗan karɓuwa kaɗan, kuma ina haɓakawa zuwa SS316 don kowane yanki na CIP ko washdown. Aluminum na yau da kullun ba shi da tsarin juriya mai kama da juna - layin oxide na halitta yana fuskantar ions chloride cikin sauƙi, musamman lokacin da yake da zafi (>40°C) da acidic (

Wani wurin sarrafa jatan lande a Can Tho, Vietnam ya yi amfani da kushin dumama foil na aluminum a ƙarƙashin na'urorin busar da bel ɗin jigilar kaya - zaɓin ƙira da mai samar da kayan aiki na asali ya yi. Tsarin tsafta shine 150 ppm sodium hypochlorite da aka fesa a kowace awa 4. Bayan watanni 8, na duba abubuwan da suka lalace: ramukan ramin rami a ko'ina daga chlorine suna kai hari ga siririn foil ɗin aluminum a iyakokin hatsi, suna ƙirƙirar ramukan tsatsa masu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda suka fashe zuwa saman. Na maye gurbin tsarin da na'urorin dumama harsashi masu rufi na SS316 a cikin maƙallan hawa na bakin ƙarfe tare da magudanar ruwa mai gefen digo. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, abubuwan SS316 sun nuna raguwar da ba za a iya aunawa ba. Na ƙididdige ROI: farashin farko na SS316 ya fi na asali foil ɗin aluminum sau 2.8, amma na guji lokacin hutu kawai na dawo da wannan ƙimar cikin watanni 11.

Ina nunibayanan ƙarfe na bakin ƙarfe da aka kafalokacin da ake tabbatar da haɓaka SS316. Abubuwan da ke cikin molybdenum ba tallatawa ba ne - ana iya auna shi, kuma an tabbatar da ingancin ƙarfe. Zan iya nuna dabarar PREN, bayanan ASTM B117, da sakamakon filin Can Tho - layukan shaida guda uku masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke goyan bayan ƙarshe ɗaya.

Jadawalin Kudin Kulawa na Shekaru Biyar: Abin da Na Bibiya A Cikin Kayayyakin da Na Gina

Na cire bayanan kulawa daga wuraren sarrafa abinci na yankin kudu maso gabashin Asiya guda 14 - 7 ta amfani da abubuwan da aka rufe da SS304/316, 7 ta amfani da foil ɗin aluminum. Ina bin diddigin nau'ikan farashi guda biyar: kayan maye gurbin, aikin mutum 2, lokacin hutun samarwa, kiran gaggawa, da kuma duba lafiyar lantarki bayan maye gurbin bisa ga IEC 60335-1.

Ga jimillar bayanan shekaru 5 da aka tattara — Na daidaita dukkan farashi zuwa tushen 100, inda 100 yayi daidai da jimillar kuɗin shekaru 5 na shigarwar SS304:

Ina so in yi bayani dalla-dalla game da abin da wannan jadawalin lokaci ya koya mini.Babu shakka sinadarin foil ɗin aluminum ya lashe shekara ta 1 akan farashi - kuma idan ina kimantawa akan zagayowar siye na watanni 12, zan zaɓi foil ɗin aluminum a kowane lokaci. Amma masana'antun sarrafa abinci da nake aiki tare da shirin kashe jari a cikin shekaru 5-7. Zuwa shekara ta 2, jimillar kuɗin foil ɗin aluminum ya riga ya wuce jimillar SS304 saboda dole ne in maye gurbin abubuwa a fiye da rabin wuraren da nake lura da su. Zuwa shekara ta 3, zaɓin foil ɗin aluminum yana kashe ninki 2.5 na tushen SS304 saboda yawan maye gurbin yana ƙaruwa - lalacewar lalata tana ci gaba da ƙaruwa kuma tana tarawa, kuma kowane zagayen maye gurbin yana gabatar da sabbin abubuwa cikin yanayi wanda bai canza ba, don haka suna gazawa akan jadawalin sauri kamar na asali.

Wannan shine yanayin mutuwar kulawa da na gani a wurare uku daban-dabankafin na shawo kansu su canza. Wata masana'anta tana amfani da kushin dumama aluminum foil saboda sun fi araha ga kowace naúra. Abubuwan da ke cikinta suna fara lalacewa a watan 14-18. Ƙungiyar kula da kayan aiki tana maye gurbinsu ɗaya bayan ɗaya a lokacin hutun da aka tsara - wanda ke ƙara lokacin hutun da awanni 2-4 a kowane lokaci, yana cin abinci har zuwa ƙarfin samarwa. Bayan zagayen maye gurbin na biyu, manajan masana'antar ya kashe kuɗi fiye da kuɗin shigarwa na asali. Na ga wannan madaidaicin madauri yana gudana a masana'antar sarrafa kwakwa a Thailand, masana'antar taliya a Jakarta, da layin kwalban miyar kifi a Phan Thiet. A kowane hali, ana canza shi zuwa abubuwan da aka rufe da SS304/316 - musamman namumafita na dumama masana'antu na musamman— ya karya tsarin. Lokacin da na auna ya kama daga watanni 11 zuwa 16, wanda na yi la'akari da shi a matsayin daidai gwargwado a cikin ayyukan da suka shafi ma'auni daban-daban da kuma ƙarfin tsafta.

Jagorar Zaɓin Musamman na Aikace-aikacen Jake: Daidaita Abubuwan Dumama da Yankunan Tsarinku

Ban yarda da shawarwarin kayan aiki ba. Kowace masana'antar sarrafa abinci tana da wurare daban-daban na zafi tare da yanayin muhalli daban-daban, kuma na gano cewa mafi kyawun ƙayyadaddun bayanai ya bambanta dangane da wurin da ke cikin wannan cibiyar. Bayan na rubuta shigarwa 14 a faɗin Kudancin Asiya, na ƙirƙiri tsarin zaɓi mai zuwa wanda nake amfani da shi don duk ayyukan ba da shawara na. Wannan ba samfurin nazari ba ne - kowace shawara tana da goyon bayan bayanan filin daga aƙalla wurare uku da aka tabbatar da inganci.

Ina samun tambaya ɗaya daga kowane manajan siyayya:"Me zai hana a ƙayyade SS316 a ko'ina?" Amsar ita ce tsarin farashi. Don amfani da busassun ajiya da injin daskarewa, SS316 ba shi da fa'ida da za a iya aunawa - ƙara kashi 15-20% ga farashin aiki wanda ba a taɓa amfani da shi ba, yana ɓatar da adadi mai yawa.

Ina ba da shawarar tsara wurin aikin ku zuwa yankuna shida na aiki a sama da kuma gudanar da hasashen farashin shekaru 5. A cikin wurare sama da 40 da na zana taswirar, ƙayyadaddun tsarin haɗin gwiwa yana sanya foil ɗin aluminum zuwa kashi 20-30% na yankuna, SS304 zuwa kashi 50-60%, da SS316 zuwa kashi 10-20%. Kudin da aka shigar yana ƙasa da kashi 40-60% ƙasa da tsarin SS316 na duniya, tare da daidaito mai dacewa. Ina sake duba ƙayyadaddun bayanai a matsayin wani ɓangare na kowaneaikin kayan dumama na musammanNa amince — Zan yi tafiya cikin tsarin guda ɗaya tare da ku kuma in ba ku shawara ta gaskiya tare da bayanan filin tallafi.